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《英语学科知识》:易混词辨析(一)

近义词辨析1acquire, obtain, gain, earn

acquire多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。

例句:It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.

正是通过学习,个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。

obtain指通过努力获得、赢得。

例句:I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report.

我终于设法弄到了这份报告的一个副本。

gain侧重于表示获得以前没有的东西。

例句:The company is eager to gain a foothold in Europe.

这家公司急于在欧洲取得一席之地。

earn意为挣得,赢得,指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。

例句:How much do you earn a week?

你一星期挣多少钱?

 

近义词辨析2acute, critical, crucial, urgent

acute意为(疾病)急性的;十分严重的

例句:I was suffering from acute sunstroke, starvation and exhaustion.

我当时正受着急性中暑、饥饿和疲惫之苦。

critical除了关键性的;决定性的的含义,也可指处于危险或危机的关头。

例句:Your decision is critical to our future.

你的决定对我们的将来至关重要。

crucial对于获得成功、达到目的是决定性的

例句:Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.

消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。

urgent仅强调紧急的状态。

例句:We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.

我们急需要帮助,我们的水就快要用光了。

 

近义词辨析3aggravate, reinforce, strengthen, intensify

aggravate加重负担、罪行、病情等,使之恶化。

例句:I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.

我的脚受伤了,而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。

reinforce加固(使更结实),使更强烈、更强大。

例句:A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.

一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行,用无线电话要求增援。

strengthen加强、巩固、增强,相当于to become stronger

例句:Exercising every day strengthen the heart.

每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。

intensify使剧烈,加剧,相当于to become more intense or intensive

例句:Violence intensified during the night.

在夜间暴力活动加剧了。

近义词辨析4alive, live, living, lively

alive活着的,有活力的,常作表语,作定语时必须后置。

例句:After the accident, he was barely alive.

交通事故后,他奄奄一息。

live活的、现场表演的。

例句:There is a protest against the company’s tests on live animals.

有一次反对该公司对活的动物进行实验的抗议。

living活着的,作定语可前可后,可修饰人也可修饰物。

例句:Who is the world’s greatest living artist?

谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家。

lively活泼的,热情的,令人兴奋的。

例句:She had a sweet, lively personality.

她有着可爱活泼的性格。

 

近义词辨析5view, scenery, scene, sight

view指目中所望见的东西。

例句:There is fine view of the mountain from our hotel window.

从我们旅馆的窗口可以看到秀丽的山景。

scenery指一个地方乃至一个国家的整个外景或外貌。

例句:The train moved slowly south through flat, drab mainline scenery.

火车穿过干线两侧风景单调乏味的地区,缓缓地向南驶去。

scene多指某一特定或具体场面所表示的景色、场景

例句:The boats in the harbour make a beautiful scene.

港中的船只构成美丽的景色。

sight多指视力范围、视野。

例句:There was no one in sight.

一个人也看不见。

 

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